Retraction, Correction, and Withdrawal Policy

The journal is committed to maintaining the integrity of the academic record.

Retraction

Articles may be retracted in cases of:

• Proven plagiarism
• Data fabrication or falsification
• Ethical violations

Correction

Minor errors that do not affect the results may be corrected through published errata.

Withdrawal

Manuscripts may be withdrawn before publication upon request by the authors, with valid justification.

All retractions and corrections will be clearly indicated and linked to the original article.